"A Barbarous Method of Adjusting Differences:" Federal Persecution of Conscientious Objectors among the Disciples during the Great War, 1917–1918

This essay examines federal persecution and prosecution of Disciples of Christ ministers and members during World War I. It demonstrates the Disciples of Christ largely jettisoned pacifism during the Civil War but pockets of pacifism remained within the denomination. The balance of the essay examines government suppression of those pockets of war resistance and how pacifism with-in the Disciples of Christ became reinvigorated through persecution.